Tuesday, July 15, 2014

Masala Dosa Recipe

Masala Dosa is a famous recipe not only in India but abroad too. Its on the menu list of many North Indian Specialty restaurants too. Though making Masala Dosa is a long process, but its worth it.
There are different types of Dosa one can make like Plain dosa, Masala Dosa, Paper dosa and Paneer dosa etc. You can have Dosa with Sambhar for lunch, dinner or for breakfast on a holiday. Dosa can be eaten along with Sambhar, Coconut Chutney, Groundnuts Chutney. So let us start preparing Masala Dosa.
- Ingredients for Masala Dosa

Rice - 3 cups
Urad dal(washed) - 1 cup
Methi(fenugreek) seeds - 1 tsp
Baking soda - 3/4 tsp
Salt - add to taste
Oil - to cook Dosa

Spices for Masala Dosa :

Potatoes - 400 grams (6-7 medium sized)
Peas - 1 small bowl(peeled)
Oil - 2 tbsp
Rie - 1 tsp
Turmeric powder - 1/4 tsp
Coriander(dhaniya) powder - 1 tsp
Green chillies - 2 to 3 (finely chopped)
Ginger - 1 1/2 inch long piece(grated)
Salt - add to taste (3/4 tsp)
Amchur(mango) powder - 1/4 tsp
Red chilly powder - less than 1/4 tsp
Green coriander - 2 tbsp(finely chopped)

Chicken 65 Recipe - Restaurant Style | Chicken Recipes

I've always wondered how chicken 65 in restaurants alone turn very soft and juicy. I didn't give a serious thought until the little one started tasting and liking chicken. Now that she likes chicken 65, I browsed around and finalised this recipe which turned out to be a hit. Also one of my friend and regular reader had asked for this recipe long back and this is for you Manjula :) For all the vegetarians check out gobi 65 recipe :)
Chicken 65 Recipe

Make your chicken 65 just like in restaurants, am sure you will love this recipe as we did!

Chicken 65 Recipe Recipe - Ingredients

Preparation Time : 2 hrs | Cooking Time : 15 mins | Serves : 2
Recipe Category: Starter | Recipe Cuisine: Indian | Recipe Reference: Sashi Recipes

For the marinade:

Cleaned Boneless Chicken - 1/2 kg (15-20 small bite size pieces)
Ginger Garlic Paste - 1 tsp
Coriander Powder - 2 tsp
Red Chili Powder - 3 tsp
Cumin Powder - 1/4 tsp
Turmeric powder- a generous pinch
Corn Flour - 2 tsp
Rice Flour - 3/4 tsp
Red Food Color - 1/4 tsp
Lemon Juice - 1 tbsp
Egg - 1
Salt - to taste

Chicken 65

Chicken 65 recipe at last!
Isn’t that the reaction of many of you dear readers?

I know that you have patiently waited for the recipe of chicken 65. There have been numerous requests for chicken 65 recipe and somehow I never got down to blogging it. This is one of the most popular Indian chicken starter recipe and being able to re-create restaurant style chicken 65 at home, successfully, gives one a high. A favorite appetizer in our home along with Chicken Manchurian.

Chicken 65 Andhra Style

There are numerous theories doing the rounds on the internet on the origins of Chicken 65. Whatever the real story, must thank the creator of this delicious chicken starter recipe.
I am going on a short summer holiday in a while (an hour to be precise)

and will see you all after the first week of June. Hope you are having a good summer break.

Chicken 65 Recipe

Prep time: 10 min

Cook time: 30 min

Yield: 4

Main Ingredients:

Ingredients

Boneless chicken - 250 gms/1/4 kg (cut into small bite sized pieces)
Oil for deep frying
Yogurt - a little less than 1/2 cup (perugu/curd)

Puchka aka Pani Puri

March will be ‘Indian Street Food’ special on ‘Sailu’s Kitchen’ where I will be featuring Chaat and snack recipes. I will try to cover as many recipes as I can prepare during this month. Chaats are India’s National Snacks like hot dogs or burgers are to America or Tacos are to Mexico. The innumerable Chaats and snacks showcase a myriad of flavors and textures – sweet, salty, tangy, spicy, soft and crispy, that epitomize Indian food.
Today, I’m blogging a tongue tickling crowd pleaser, popular all over the country. It is known by different names based on the region – Gol Gappa (East India), Pani Puri (West & South India) or Puchka (North India). This street food sensation is popular among all age groups as it adds a flavorful punch to the palate. Each region or home have their own version of Pani Puri, in terms of fillings.

Puri

Basically pani puris are small balls made of flour and semolina, rolled out into very small puris and deep fried to a golden shade, cooled and stored in air tight containers. The hollow puri is slightly crushed on the top and filled with a little each of mashed potatoes, chopped onions and sweet chutney, then dipped in a chilled mint flavored tangy water, and eaten as a whole, in one mouthful. As you savor the pani puri, you can literally feel the explosion of flavors in your mouth, an assortment of crisp, tangy, spicy tastes.

Puri/Puchka Recipe

Prep: 10 mts, Sitting time: 30, Cooking time: 20-30 mts

Serves 8-10 persons

Cuisine: Indian

Source: Recipe files

Ingredients: 1/2 tbsp maida/all-purpose flour
2 tbsps urad dal flour
1 1/2 cups ravva/semolina/sooji (very fine variety)
salt to taste
water for kneading (bottled soda water prefered)
oil for deep frying

Pani Puri Recipe-How to make Pani Poori-Golgappas-Chaat Recipes

Pani pooris are known as "Golgappas" in North India and "poochkas" in West Bengal. It is a very popular street food or chaat item in India. This snack is loved by both youngsters and adults.The crisp puris are stuffed with potatoes, moong sprouts/chickpeas and then filled with spicy chilled masala water and served. Making pani puri at home is hygienic and economical. Today we will learn a very easy method to make pani poori at home following our simple recipe.

Would you like some pani poori?

How to make pani poori at home

Ingredients needed for the pani

Ice cold water - 3 cups
Green chutney - 3 tbsp
Sweet chutney (dates tamarind chutney) - 2 tbsp
Chilli powder - 1 tsp
Chaat masala powder- 1 1/2 tsp
Roasted Cumin/jeera powder -1 tsp (dry roast cumins seeds and powder it)
Boondi - fistful

(Click the link for green chutney and sweet chutney recipes)

Method for preparing Pani

Take ice cold water in a bowl and mix all the ingredients mentioned above from green chutney to jeera powder. There are no hard and fast rules regarding the measurement. You can taste the pani and add more or less of chutney or spice powder according to your personal preferences. Chill for an hour for the flavors to get blended well with the pani. Add a fistful of boondi to the pani.

Vacate Office in New Delhi’: India asks UNMOGIP, the UN Observer on J&K

Indian Government has asked United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) to vacate its Government accommodations in New Delhi.
Reacting to this, Pakistan said that such steps would not change the legal status of the Kashmir dispute and that it never accepted Kashmir’s accession to India. It said that as long as the Kashmir dispute is not resolved, the UN Security Council mandate remains.
In response to Pakistan’s statements, India said that it believes in moving forward than looking behind and discussing decade old issues. India clarified that the move on UNMOGIP was consistent with efforts to rationalize the UN body’s presence in India. It said that the measure was in line with India’s long-standing view that UNMOGIP has outlived its relevance.
India believes that the UN body had little significance after India and Pakistan inked the Shimla pact in 1972 on resolving the Kashmir dispute bilaterally. However, UN held that UN Security Council resolution mandates the body to monitor and observe the border and report violations of a cease-fire agreement between India and Pakistan.
UNMOGIP in India insisted that it will continue its operations in India in line with its original mandate. The body is now searching for new office to rent.
India had provided UNMOGIP a plush accommodation in New Delhi free of charge 40 years ago. The UN body also has offices in Islamabad and Muzaffarabad, the main city in the Pakistan-controlled part of Kashmir.

Rich nations should capitalize Green Climate Fund: India

Expressing concerns over the empty coffers of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), India urged rich countries to give their consent to a road-map for its capitalization by 2015 – the year the world will have a universal global climate treaty.
Speaking at the ‘Major Economies Forum’ (MEF) in Paris, India’s Environment minister Prakash Javadekar also suggested that part of GCF, which was launched in 2009-10, should be used for funding critical technologies and buying Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) so that it can be made available to developing nations free of cost.
He referred to the annual Budget to inform that India had had taken a number of measures to fight climate change including earmarking Rs 100 crore for National Adaptation Fund, launching of mission for Himalayan region, Clean Ganga mission and hike in cess on coal from Rs 50 a tonne to Rs 100 a tonne.
Green Climate Fund (GCF)
GCF is a fund within the framework of the UNFCCC set up as a mechanism to transfer money from the developed nations to the developing countries, in order to help the developing nations in adaptation and mitigation practices to tackle climate change. The GCF is based in the new Songdo district of Incheon, South Korea. It is managed by a Board of 24 members.
The GCF will support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing nations. It intends to be the fulcrum of efforts to increase Climate Finance of $100 billion a year by 2020.

6th BRICS Summit: India’s PM Modi flies to Brazil

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has flown to Brazil to participate in the sixth annual BRICS summit.
The BRICS summit – a multilateral forum comprising of the upcoming economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – will be the first occasion that the Prime Minister will be interacting with world leaders after assuming office in May 2014.
The 2-day summit will be held in the cities of Fortaleza and Brasilia in Brazil.
India’s key agendas for this summit:

BRICS BANK: The key agenda will be establishing a new development bank on the lines of the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. The idea was first talked about at the BRICS meet in New Delhi in 2012.

CONTINGENT FUNDS: With a corpus of $100 billion the proposed bank will finance projects for infrastructure projects in emerging, developing nations and will compete with the west dominated IMF and World Bank.

Who will host BRICS BANK: With both India and China vying to host the headquarters for the proposed bank, the contentious issue will be discussed.

INDIA-CHINA on security: India is likely to take up the matter of security of India’s Northern and Eastern borders that it shares with China. PM Modi, who will have bilateral meetings with all BRICS leaders, will meet Chinese President, Xi Jinping.

The Basics of English Language

Grammar
	Articles "a/an and the"
-	Use of Articles "a/an and the"
	Sentence
	Sentence, Subject, Predicate, Object
	Kinds of Sentences (According to function)
	The Phrase and The Clause - Comparison
	Clause
	Types of Clauses
-	Main Clause and Subordinate Clause
	Types of Subordinate Clause
-	Noun Clause, Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause
	Phrase
	Types of Phrase
-	Noun Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrase, Verb Phrase, Gerund Phrase
-	Infinitive Phrase, Participle Phrase.
	Kinds of Sentences (According to structure)

Parts of Speech
	Noun
-	Types of Noun: Proper and Common Noun,
-	Countable and Uncountable Nouns
	Verb
-	Forms of Verbs: Simple Form, Past Simple, Past Participle, Auxilliary Verbs
-	Main Verb and Auxilliary Verbs, Modal Verbs, Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Present Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an action which is in progress at the time of speaking. For example, a person says, “I am writing a letter”. It means that he is in the process of writing a letter right now. Such actions which are happening at time of speaking are expressed by present continuous tense. Present Continuous tense is also called Present progressive tense.

Rules. Auxiliary verb “am or is or are” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence

Positive Sentence
    • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
    • Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
If the subject is “I” then auxiliary verb “am” is used after subject in sentence.
If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then auxiliary verb “is” is used after subject in sentence.
If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb “are” is used after subject in sentence.
The participle “ing” is added to the 1st form of verb i.e. going (go) writing (write)

Examples
        I am playing cricket.
        He is driving a car
        They are reading their lessons.

Negative Sentence
      • Subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
      • Subject + am/is/are + not + (1st form of verb + ing) + object
Rules for using auxiliary verbs (am or is or are) after subject in negative sentences are same as mentioned above.

Examples.
         I am not playing cricket.
         He is not driving a car
         They are not reading their lessons.

Present Simple Tense

It is used to express an action in present time, habitual or usual actions or daily event or universal fact. It is used to express an action in present time which is usually done on a regular basis. For example a student says, “I go to school”. It is a daily activity of a student to go to school, so such actions are expressed by present simple tense. Another example is, “I work in a factory”. It tells about a usual action of a person that he works in a factory on regular basis.

Rules. 1st form of verb or base verb is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence – Rules

Positive Sentence
     • Subject + Main verb + Object
     • Subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + Object
Note: If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun” then “s” or “es” is added to the first form of verb or base form in the sentence.
Examples.
         I write a letter.
         He gets up early in the morning.
         Sun rises in east.

Negative Sentences
   • Subject + auxiliary verb +NOT + Main verb +object
   • Subject + Do not/Does not + 1st form of verb (or base form) + object
Examples.
         I do not write a letter.
         He does not get up early in the morning.
         Sun does not rise in east.

Note: In negative sentence auxiliary verb “do or does” along with “not” is used. If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun”, then “Does not” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “I, we, they, you or plural” then “Do not” is used after subject in sentence. “s” or “es” is not added to main verb in negative sentence

What Is the Present Tense? (with Examples)

The present tense predominantly describes a current event or state of being. However, somewhat unusually, the present tense can also be used to describe past and future events (more on this below). For example:

I jump in the lake every Saturday.
I am happy.
The meeting ends at 6 o'clock.

A man walks into a bar. Ouch!

The tense of a verb is determined by when the action took place. The three main tenses are:

past tense
present tense
future tense

Examples of the Types of Present Tense

The present tense is categorised further depending on whether the action is in progress or completed. The four present tenses are:

The 4 Present Tenses	Examples	Uses
simple present tense	I go. I like chocolate. The train gets in at 5 o'clock. A horse walks into a bar, and the barman says, "why the long face?"	The simple present tense is used: (1) To describe facts and habits. (2) To describe scheduled events in the future. (3) To tell stories to make your listener or reader feel more engaged with the story.
present_progressive tense	I am going. Barny is looking for the latest brochure.	The present progressive tense is used for an on-going action in the present.
present perfect tense	I have gone. David has worked alongside two of the world's finest scientists in the field of entomology.	The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that began in the past and are still continuing into the present.
present perfect progressive	I have been going. Amanda has been relying on a pay rise to pay her student loan.	The present perfect progressive tense is used for: (1) a continuous activity that began in the past and continues into the present, or (2) a continuous activity that began in past but has now finished (usually very recently).

Diagrams for the Four Present Tenses

The infographics below show how each present tense is formed and a quick overview of how each one is used:

Simple Present Tense

For example:

I play every Tuesday

Cook traditional haleem at home

Ingredients
1 kg boneless meat- mutton or lamb
3 cups cracked wheat
4 tsp ginger-garlic paste
3 green chilies
5 teaspoons fresh grated
coconut
1 cup each urad, tur and chana daal
1 cup long grain basmati rice
1 tsp red chilli powder
¼ tsp turmeric powder
½ tsp black pepper corns
1 tsp chironji
1 teaspoon zafran
1 teaspoon jeera and shahijeera
1 teaspoon kebab chini
1 cinnamon stick,
2-3 cloves,
2-3 cardamom
1/2 cup ghee
1 cup fresh coriander leaves,
¼ cup fresh mint and
5-6 green chillies
Salt to taste
Oil and ghee as required

For the garnish
1 cup crispy golden fried onions
½ cup cashew nuts
5 teaspoons of onion flavored oil
1 lemon juliennes

Method
- First wash and soak the cracked wheat for at least half an hour. Then wash and clean the mutton thoroughly. Do not trim away any excess fat.

- Mix the mutton with ginger-garlic paste, ½ tsp salt, red chilli powder and turmeric powder.

Ramzan recipes: Scrumptious dishes by India's first MasterChef

Ingredients:

1 kg mutton
½ kg Basmati Rice
50 g Onions
25 g Ginger
25 g Garlic
1 tsp. Chilli powder
125 g Curd
50 g Balai
5 green Cardamom's
5 cloves
2 Blades Mac
50 g Almonds
10 g Cinnamon
Salt to taste
1 tsp. saffron
2-3 drops Mitha ittr (sweet lttr)
200 g Ghee
1 tsp. Kewra Water

Method:

The appropriate cuts of mutton for the biryani are those from the legs, neck chops.
Wash and clean the mutton.
Finely slice the onions.
Extract juice of ginger and garlic and keep aside.
Grind the cardamom's, cloves, mace and cinnamon and keep aside.
Pick, wash and soak the rice for an hour.
In a deep vessel fry the onions in ghee to golden brown colour in ghee. Remove and keep.
Remove half the ghee and keep aside. In the remaining ghee add the almonds, mutton pieces, garlic-ginger extract, chilli powder, salt, ground masala, curd and sauté till the mutton turns to golden brown colour.

Ramzan recipe: How to make Haleem

Ingredients

1/2 kg mutton, cubed and washed
1 1/2 cups daliya or coarsely ground or cracked wheat, (available in grocery stores)
1-inch piece ginger
3 cloves garlic
2 to 3 green chillies (or as per taste)
1 tsp turmeric or haldi powder
1 tsp cumin or jeera seeds
1 tsp garam masala
1 medium-sized onion, cut into fine slices for baghar
1 tbsp chickpea flour or besan
1/4 cup oil
Salt
1 small bunch of mint leaves

Method

Grind the garlic, ginger and chillies into paste. In a pressure cooker or heavy-bottomed pot, with a lid, add washed mutton, the ground masala, haldi, jeera, garam masala, 2 cups water and half of the oil.
Pressure-cook or cook till meat is tender.
Add 2 cups water, stir in the wheat daliya (cracked wheat) and cook till wheat is done, stirring all the time to prevent wheat from sticking to the bottom of the pot.
In 1/4 cup of water, dissolve the besan completely; there should be no lumps. Pour the besan mixture into the meat and wheat. Bring to a boil.
Take the remaining oil in a pan and fry the sliced onion to a crisp brown, but take care not to burn it. Add 1/2 tsp jeera seeds. When they crackle, pour into the meat and wheat mixture. Keep covered for a while. Open and thoroughly mix, till all the oil is absorbed.
Serve hot in a bowl, garnished with chopped mint leaves.

How to make indian sweet mysurpa?

Gram Flour - 1 Cup
Sugar - 2 Cups
Ghee - 3 Cups

Preparation:
1. Roast the gram flour in low flame without any lumps and keep it aside.
2. Dissolve the sugar in 2 cups of water and make a sugar syrup.
3. Sprinkle some gram flour in sugar syrup and stir well.
4. Add a little amount of ghee in it and stir well.
5. Repeat sprinkling the gram flour and ghee alternatively till it gets over.
6. Stir the mixture till it reaches the boiling point.
7. Apply a thin layer of ghee on a plate and pour the contenets into it.
8. Allow it to cool for 10-15 minutes and then cut in to pieces in required sizes before it gets completely cool down.
9. Serve it when it gets cool.
Note: Use of fresh hot ghee gives good taste.

Sugar syrup preparation:
1. Dissolve 2 cup of sugar in 2 cups of water and heat in low flame.
2. Stir well until it becomes slightly greasy.
3. Take a cup of water and pour a drop of sugar syrup into it.
4. The drop of sugar syrup should become a greasy ball (It must not dissolve in water) and it should sink in the water.

IELTS | Test Takers - How do I prepare?

There’s a range of materials to help you prepare for your IELTS test.

Firstly, download the free Information for Candidates booklet (PDF, 935KB) which provides an explanation of the test.

Sample questions online

Try some free sample questions online. These sample questions will give you an idea of what to expect in the Reading, Writing and Speaking modules.

IELTS preparation courses

Some IELTS centres have workshops to help you prepare for your test. Talk to your local IELTS test centre for details. Preparation courses may also be offered by language schools in your country.

Official IELTS Practice Materials

IELTS has official practice materials to help you understand the format of the test and the types of questions. There are two volumes of the Official IELTS Practice Materials:

Vol. 1 Official IELTS Practice Materials (with CD)
Vol. 2 Official IELTS Practice Materials (with DVD)

Both volumes of the practice material offer samples of the Reading, Listening, Writing and Speaking modules with sample answers and Examiner comments. The CD in Vol. 1 offers samples of the Listening test and the DVD in Vol. 2 shows candidates taking the Speaking test.

The Official IELTS Practice Materials Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 are the only IELTS practice materials endorsed by the IELTS partners. You can order your Official IELTS Practice Materials in one of three ways:

Official IELTS Practice Materials

IELTS has official practice materials to help you understand the format of the test and the types of questions.

There are two volumes of the Official IELTS Practice Materials:

Vol. 1 Official IELTS Practice Materials (with CD)
Vol. 2 Official IELTS Practice Materials (with DVD)

place an order online from IELTS in Australia (XLS, 1.6MB)
place an order online from IELTS in the UK
You can also purchase practice materials through your local test centre.

IELTS - International English Language Testing System

What is IELTS?
IELTS, the International English Language Testing System, is designed to assess the language ability of candidates who need to study or work where English is the language of communication.

IELTS is jointly managed by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations (Cambridge ESOL), British Council and IDP: IELTS Australia. IELTS conforms to the highest international standards of language assessment.

IELTS is recognised by universities and employers in many countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. It is also recognised by professional bodies, immigration authorities and other government agencies.

Note: This website is NOT the same or connected or associated with any of the IELTS Test Partners. If you want to prepare yourself for IELTS exam, you are in the right place! But if you are looking for information about registering for the IELTS, test dates or test fees, visit the official IELTS website,

Where can I take IELTS?
More than 400 test centers around the world administer IELTS. Most test centers are run by the British Council, IELTS Australia, or universities and language schools. Some testing centers also offer off-site testing for large groups by prior arrangement with IELTS. Contact your local examination center or visit www.iefts.org to find out where the nearest IELTS test center is located.

Where can I find information about registering for the test?
You can contact your nearest examination center or visit the official IELTS website for more information about application procedures and the location of a test center near you.

The Test Format
There are four sub-tests, or modules, to the IELTS test: Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking. Students must sit all four sub-tests. While all students take the same Listening and Speaking tests, they sit different Reading and Writing tests, depending on whether they have selected the Academic IELTS test or the General Training IELTS test.

On the day of the test, the four subsections will be taken in the following order:

Total Test Time
2 hours 45 minutes

The Speaking test may even take place a day or two later at some centres.

IELTS Listening test lasts for about 30 minutes. It consists of four sections, played on cassette tape, in order of increasing difficulty. Each section might be a dialogue or a monologue. The test is played once only, and the questions for each section must be answered while listening, although time is given for students to check their answers.

IELTS Reading test lasts for 60 minutes. Students are given an Academic Reading test, or a General Training Reading test. Both tests consist of three sections, and in both tests the sections are in order of increasing difficulty.

IELTS Writing test also lasts for 60 minutes. Again, students take either an Academic test, or a General Training test. Students must perform two writing tasks, which require different styles of writing. There is no choice of question topics.

IELTS Speaking test consists of a one-to-one interview with a specially trained examiner. The examiner will lead the candidate through the three parts of the test:
An introduction and interview, an individual long turn where the candidate speaks for one or two minutes on a particular topic, and a two-way discussion thematically linked to the individual long turn. This interview will last for approximately 11-14 minutes.

SC ordered Union Government to bring MGNREGS's wage rates on par with minimum wages

Supreme Court ordered Union government to bring wages under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) on par with minimum wages existing under different States. The order was passed by the SC on 11 July 2014.
The decision was given by the SC bench of Justice S J Mukhopadhaya and Justice S A Bobde. The bench directed that wage under the scheme cannot be less than the minimum wage fixed by the State government for agricultural labourers. The bench also asked the Union government to pay arrears to workers who had been paid less.
The bench issued the direction while hearing an appeal filed by the Union government against a Karnataka High Court order which on 23 September 2011 had held the wage under the scheme cannot be less than the minimum wage.
Earlier, the SC had questioned the Union government for paying fewer wages. It said that MGNREGS is a beneficiary legislation so there cannot be difference between minimum wages and the wage paid under the MGNREGS.
The wage rate under the MGNREGS, which varied between 118 rupees and 181 rupees from State to State, was less than the notified minimum daily pay in six States. But in 14 States the wages under rural job scheme was higher than the minimum wage.
About Minimum Wages Act, 1948
In India, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 provides for fixation and enforcement of minimum wages in respect of scheduled employments.

Recipe, Current Affairs, English Grammar, Gate Study Material, IELTS

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